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MySQL </doc>

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MySQL

MySQL은 데이터베이스 소프트웨어입니다. 일반적을 데이터를 추가하거나 검색, 추출하는 기능을 모두 포함해서 데이터베이스라고 부릅니다.

MySQL은 세계에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 오픈 소스의 관계형 데이터베이스 관리 시스템(RDBMS)입니다. MySQL은 PHP 스크립트 언어와 상호 연동이 잘 되면서 오픈소스로 개발된 무료 프로그램입니다. 그래서 홈페이지나 쇼핑몰(워드프레스, cafe24, 제로보드, 그누보드)등 일반적으로 웹 개발에 널리 사용하고 있습니다.

MAMP 설치

MAMP 설치

설치

MAMP 를 설치해줍니다.

MAMP란 웹사이트를 개발할 때 쓰이는 기술 스택인 macOS, Apache, MySQL, PHP의 약어이자 설루션 스택입니다. 내 컴퓨터에 로컬 서버를 구축하기 위해 MAMP프로그램을 사용합니다.

MySQL 실행

윈도우 : MAMP/bin/mysql/bin
로그인 : mysql -uroot -proot 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
맥 : Application/mamp/Library/bin

데이터 베이스

데이터 베이스 만들기

create database 데이터베이스 이름; 
mysql> create database text;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

데이터 베이스 보기

show databases; 
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| test01             |
| text               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.02 sec)

데이터 베이스 사용

use 데이터베이스 이름; 
mysql> use sample01;
Database changed

데이터 베이스 삭제

drop database 데이터베이스 이름; 
mysql> drop database test01;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

테이블

테이블 만들기

create table 테이블 이름; 

CREATE TABLE myMember (
    memberID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
    youEmail varchar(40) NOT NULL,
    youName varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    youPass varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    youBirth int(20) NOT NULL,
    youAge int(20) NOT NULL,
    youPhone int(20) NOT NULL,
    regTime int(11) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (memberID)
) charset=utf8;

테이블 전체 보기

show tables; 
mysql> show tables;
   
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_sample01 |
+--------------------+
| mymember           |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

테이블 보기

desc 테이블 이름; 
mysql> desc myMember;
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| myMemberID | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| youEmail   | varchar(40)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youName    | varchar(12)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youPass    | varchar(20)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youBirth   | varchar(12)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| regTime    | int(11)          | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

테이블 삭제

drop table 삭제할 테이블 이름; 

+--------------------+
| Tables_in_sample01 |
+--------------------+
| mymember           |
| mymember2          |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop table myMember2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+--------------------+
| Tables_in_sample01 |
+--------------------+
| mymember           |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

테이블 복사

테이블 구조, 데이터 복사

create table 새로운 테이블 명 select * from 복사할 테이블 명; 
create table myMemeber1 select * from myMember;

테이블 구조 복사

create table 새로운 테이블 명 like 복사할 테이블 명; 
create table myMemeber2 like myMember;

테이블 데이터 복사

insert into 새로운 테이블 명 select * from 복사할 테이블 명; 
insert into myMemeber3 select * from myMember;

테이블 수정하기

필드 추가하기

ALTER TABLE 테이블 이름 ADD 추가할 필드명 AFTER 필드명 위치; 

ALTER TABLE myMember ADD youGender enum('m', 'w', 'x') default 'x' comment "남성은 m, 여성은 w" AFTER youBirth;
ALTER TABLE mymember ADD youAddress varchar(40) NOT NULL comment "현재 주소" AFTER youGender;
ALTER TABLE mymember add youAge int(3) not null comment "나이" AFTER youAddress;

mysql> desc myMember;
+------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type              | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| myMemberID | int(10) unsigned  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| youEmail   | varchar(40)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youName    | varchar(12)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youPass    | varchar(20)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youBirth   | varchar(12)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youGender  | enum('m','w','x') | YES  |     | x       |                |
| youAddress | varchar(40)       | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| youAge     | int(3)            | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| regTime    | int(11)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

필드 수정하기

ALTER TABLE 테이블이름 MODIFY 수정할 필드명 

+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| myMemberID | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| youName    | varchar(12)      | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql> ALTER TABLE mymember2 MODIFY youName int(20);
mysql> desc mymember2;
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| myMemberID | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| youName    | int(20)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

필드 삭제하기

ALTER TABLE 테이블이름 DROP 삭제할 필드명 
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP youGender;
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP youEmail;
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP youPass;
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP youBirth;
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP youAddress;
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP youAge;
ALTER TABLE mymember DROP regTime;
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| myMemberID | int(10) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
+------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

테이블 데이터

데이터 입력하기

INSERT INTO 테이블 이름(필드명) VALUES(데이터); 

INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('webstoryboy@naver.com','황상연','12dfsdecv','19920405','33','01039858583','578365839');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('jungsik321@naver.com', '김정식', '1234', '19930209', '30', '01025738580', '20220314');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('ik6623@naver.com','박종호','1234qwer','19950909','28','01040976623','10293857');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('rmsgur2275@gmail.com','박근혁','alcls2860','19980611','25','01058122860', '12345678');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('apdlvmf8044@gmail.com', '송준섭', 'qweasdf', '19931120', '30', '01088648044', '21846351');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('sbxjs6999@naver.com','박근희','1234qwer','19970214','28',01041046999,'12345678');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('seongwoo@lycos.com','박성우','123456asd','19910506','32', '01044779156','54216451');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('dnwls7738@naver.com','천우진', '12asdf', '19960324', '27', '01055805274', '45678941');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('dnstjq6305@naver.com', '조운섭', 'qweasdf', '19911110', '32', '01024068904', '12345678');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('lhw1847@gmail.com','이현우','1234','19971221','26', '01055332287', '0303');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('dhtpfls321@naver.com', '오세린', '1234', '19980214', '25', '01032229944', '12345678');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('GarenChoi@naver.com','최근영','1234','19970117','26','01054651345','234');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('sna12345@naver.com', '배석찬','1234','19960727','27','01033125279','03270327');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('sbxjs6999@naver.com','박근희','1234qwer','19970214','26',01041046999,'12345678');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('wwuu123@naver.com','최가영','12345678','19970506','26','01066179991','12345678');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('illie@naver.com', '류성일', 'ryuPass', '19940426', '29', '01055327391', '1440');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('jsjh442@naver.com','박지선','1234','19980423','25','01057421662','12341234');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('ohwehoh@naver.com','이연우','dldus1358','19950720','28','01014141441','12341234');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('go_goa@naver.com' ,'김현우', '159753', '19920126', '31', '01087361836', '40250371');
INSERT INTO myMember(youEmail, youName, youPass, youBirth, youAge, youPhone, regTime) VALUES('placidcy@gmail.com', '김지섭', '1234', '19900212', '32', '01011112222','20220314');

데이터 불러오기

전체 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름; 
SELECT *FROM myMember;

조건 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 WHERE 조건;

회원 아이디가 10번 인 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE MemberID = 10;

회원 아이디가 5~10 인 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE MemberID >=5 AND MemberID < 11;

회원 아이디가 10번이 아닌경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE MemberID <> 10;

범위 조건 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 WHERE 컬럼이름 BETWEEN 시작값 AND 끝값;

회원 아이디가 5~10 인 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE MemberID BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

회원 아이디가 5~10가 아닌 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE MemberID NOT BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

해당 조건 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 WHERE 컬럼이름 IN(값1, 값2, 값3....); 
SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE MemberID IN(4, 6, 13, 14);

패턴 조건 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 WHERE 컬럼이름 LIKE

이메일 중에 naver 텍스트가 포함된 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youEmail LIKE '%naver%';

이메일 중에 web 텍스트로 시작되는 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youEmail LIKE 'web%';

이메일 중에 com 텍스트로 끝나는 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youEmail LIKE '%com';

이름 중에 김으로 시작하는 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName LIKE '김%';

이름 중에 '김'씨 또는 '황'씨로 시작하는 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName LIKE '김%' OR youName LIKE '황%';

이름 중에 중간 글자가 '근'인 경우(%는 문자열, _a_ 는 1개의 글자)

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName LIKE '_근_';

NULL 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 WHERE 컬럼이름 IS NULL; 
SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName IS NULL;

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName IS NOT NULL;

논리 연산자 데이터 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 WHERE 컬럼이름 연산자;

나이가 30살 이상이고 또는(OR) 성이 김씨인 멤버

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName LIKE '김%' OR youAge >= 30;

나이가 20살 이상이면서 (AND) 성이 김씨인 멤버

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE youName LIKE '김%' AND youAge >= 20;

멤버 아이디가 2또는 10인데 나이가 30 이상인 경우

SELECT * FROM myMember WHERE (memberID=2 OR memberID=10) AND youAge >=30;

데이터 갯수 불러오기

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 LIMIT 표시할 수; 
SELECT * FROM myMember LIMIT 12;
SELECT * FROM myMember LIMIT 10, 20;
SELECT youEmail FROM myMember LIMIT 5, 10;

데이터 불러오기(내림차순/오름차순)

SELECT * FROM 테이블이름 ORDER by 컬럼명 정렬방식(DESC/ASC); 
SELECT * FROM myMember ORDER BY youAge DESC;
SELECT * FROM myMember ORDER BY youAge ASC;

데이터 수정하기

UPDATE 테이블명 SET 컬럼명 조건;

모든 회원의 비밀번호를 1234로 변경

UPDATE myMember SET youPass = "1234";

아이디 번호가 3, 비밀번호를 1234로 변경

UPDATE myMember SET youPass = "1234" WHERE boardID = 3;

5번 회원 부터 10번 회원의 비밀번호를 1234567로 변경

UPDATE myMember SET youPass = "1234567" WHERE MemberID BETWEEN 5 AND 10;

아이디를 기준으로 내림차순

UPDATE myMember SET youPass = "****" ORDER BY memberID DESC LIMIT 10;

데이터 삭제하기

전체 데이터 삭제

DELETE FROM 테이블명 OR DELETE * FROM 테이블명 
DELETE FROM myMember;

조건 데이터 삭제

DELETE FROM 테이블명 조건

조건삭제 : 회원 아이디가 5번인 멤버를 삭제

DELETE FROM myMember WHERE memberID = 5;

조건 삭제: 패스워드가 '****'인 멤버 삭제

DELETE FROM myMember WHERE youPass = '****';

정렬 삭제: 이름 기준으로 5번째 멤버까지 삭제

DELETE FROM myMember ORDER BY youName LIMIT 5;

지정 삭제: 지정한 멤버 삭제

DELETE FROM myMember WHERE memberID IN(8,9,10);

테이블 합치기

JOIN 사용하기

SELECT 필드명 FROM 테이블명 엘리어스 JOIN 연결할 테이블명 엘리어스 ON(조건문); 
SELECT m.youName, m.youEmail, r.youCont, r.regTime FROM myMember m JOIN myReview r ON(m.memberID = r.memberID);
    CREATE TABLE myMember (
    memberID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
    youEmail varchar(40) NOT NULL,
    youName varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    youPass varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    youBirth int(20) NOT NULL,
    youAge int(20) NOT NULL,
    youPhone int(20) NOT NULL,
    regTime int(11) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (memberID)
) charset=utf8;

CREATE TABLE myReview (
    reviewID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
    memberID int(10) unsigned,
    youCont tinytext NOT NULL,
    regTime int(11) NOT NULL,            
    PRIMARY KEY (reviewID)
) charset=utf8;

INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('4', '정말 감사합니다. 너무 좋아요', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('6', '새해 복 많이 받으세요! 최고에요!', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('3', '이건 누구 아이디어 인가요?', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('11', '자기전에 해봐야겠어요!', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('13', '우리 강아지가 너무 좋아해요!', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('7', '이제 반찬 걱정은 없겠어요!', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('3', '꼭 필요하던 물건이에요!', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('2', '데이트 할때 필수인것 같아요', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('7', '어머니가 해주신 그맛 그대로', '12345');
INSERT INTO myReview(memberID, youCont, regTime) VALUES('9', '재밌게 잘 하고있습니다, 감사합니다', '12345');

필드명 바꾸기

SELECT 필드명 AS 기존 필드명 대신 출력할 필드명 FROM 테이블명; 
SELECT m.youName, m.youEmail, r.youCont, r.regTime AS reviewTime FROM myMember m JOIN myReview r ON(m.memberID = r.memberID);

필드 내용이 없는 경우 표시

LEFT JOIN; 
SELECT m.youName, m.youEmail, r.youCont, r.regTime FROM myMember m LEFT JOIN myReview r ON(m.memberID = r.memberID);

집계 함수


    CREATE TABLE myRecode (
    recodeID int(10) unsigned auto_increment,
    mymemberID int(10) unsigned,
    javascript tinyint NOT NULL,
    html tinyint NOT NULL,
    css tinyint NOT NULL,
    mysql tinyint NOT NULL,
    react tinyint NOT NULL,   
    PRIMARY KEY (recodeID)
) charset=utf8;

INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(1, 50, 30, 70, 90, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(2, 50, 30, 70, 60, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(3, 50, 30, 70, 90, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(4, 50, 50, 70, 40, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(5, 50, 30, 40, 90, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(6, 50, 30, 70, 90, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(7, 50, 30, 90, 90, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(8, 50, 30, 70, 40, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(9, 50, 30, 70, 90, 10);
INSERT INTO myRecode(mymemberID, javascript, html, css, mysql, react) VALUES(10, 50, 30, 70, 90, 10);

집계함수의 종류

SELECT count(javascript) FROM myRecode;
SELECT sum(javascript) FROM myRecode;
SELECT avg(javascript) FROM myRecode;
SELECT max(javascript) FROM myRecode;
SELECT min(javascript) FROM myRecode;

그룹별 집계

GROUP BY

SELECT 필드명 FROM 테이블명 GROUP BY 필드명